Automated Clinical Trial Cohort Definition and Evaluation with CQL and CDS-Hooks.

BACKGROUND: Patient recruitment for clinical trials faces major challenges with current methods being costly and often requiring time-consuming acquisition of medical histories and manual matching of potential subjects. OBJECTIVES: Designing and implementing an Electronic Health Record (EHR) and domain-independent automation architecture using Clinical Decision Support (CDS) standards that allows researchers to effortlessly enter standardized trial criteria to retrieve eligibility statistics and integration into a clinician workflow to automatically trigger evaluation without added clinician workload. METHODS: Cohort criteria are translated into the Clinical Quality Language (CQL) and integrated into Measures and CDS-Hooks for patient- and population-level evaluation. RESULTS: Successful application of simplified real-world trial criteria to Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR®) test data shows the feasibility of obtaining individual patient eligibility and trial details as well as population eligibility statistics and a list of qualifying patients. CONCLUSION: Employing CDS standards for automating cohort definition and evaluation shows promise in streamlining patient selection, aligning with increasing legislative demands for standardized healthcare data.

From Authoring to Evaluating an Electronic Health Quality Measure - Applying Logic to FHIR® with CQL for Calculating Immunization Coverage.

BACKGROUND: Current monitoring and evaluation methods challenge the healthcare system. Specifically for the use case of immunization coverage calculation, person-level data retrieval is required instead of inaccurate aggregation methods. The Clinical Quality Language (CQL) by HL7®, has the potential to overcome current challenges by offering an automated generation of quality reports on top of an HL7® FHIR® repository. OBJECTIVES: This paper provides a method to author and evaluate an electronic health quality measure as demonstrated by a proof-of-concept on immunization coverage calculation. METHODS: Five artifact types were identified to transform unstructured input into CQL, to define the terminology, to create test data, and to evaluate the new quality measures. RESULTS: CQL logic and FHIR® test data were created and evaluated by using the different approaches of manual evaluation, unit testing in the HAPI FHIR project, as well as showcasing the functionality with a developed user interface for immunization coverage analysis. CONCLUSION: Simple, powerful, and transparent evaluations on a small population can be achieved with existing open-source tools, by applying CQL logic to FHIR®.

Vibrotactile localization on the abdomen: effects of place and space.

In this study, we explore the conditions for accurate localization of vibrotactile stimuli presented to the abdomen. Tactile orientation systems intended to provide mobility information for people who are blind depend on accurate identification of location of stimuli on the skin, as do systems designed to indicate target positions in space or the status of remotely operated devices to pilots or engineers. The spatial acuity of the skin has been examined for simple touch, but not for the types of vibrating signals used in such devices. The ability to localize vibratory stimuli was examined at sites around the abdomen and found to be a function of separation among loci and, most significantly, of place on the trunk. Neither the structures underlying the skin nor the types of tactor tested appeared to affect localization. Evidence was found for anatomically defined anchor points that provide localization referents that enhance performance even with wide target spacing.